春妮的周末时光
Battery Swapping to Lead to Growth of Electric Vehicles in India, WEF Advisor Says_我的网站
一 | 中新社北京8月24日电 (记者 吕少威 陈杭 徐婧)天卓队机器人以9.39秒的成绩打破了9.58秒的人类百米世界纪录；天工Ultra机器人原地跳高跳出2.8843米的成绩，超越了人类男子跳高世界纪录2.45米…… 正在北京国家速滑馆“冰丝带”举办的第二届世界人形机器人运动会上，参赛机器人在100米、400米、1500米等多个赛项中接连突破人类生理极限，展现出极强的爆发力与运行稳定性，技术迭代速度远超行业预期。 The electric vehicle ecosystem in India is still at a very nascent stage, but the number of electric vehicles on Indian roads is on the rise every day.,Despite the growth, there are a lot of challenges that need to be addressed with regard to the EV infrastructure.,Road safety is one of the major concerns, as the country ranks first in terms of number of road accident deaths in the world. Last year, the World Economic Forum (WEF) launched the Road Safety 2.0 program in India with an aim to introduce technology which would promote the 4Es of road safety i.e. Education, Engineering, Enforcement and Emergency care.,In an interview with Sputnik, Akhilesh Srivastava, Project Head of the World Economic Forum’s Road Safety 2.0 program and Member of the NHEV Knowledge group, talked about measures to be taken to ensure road safety in India and discussed the challenges presented by the battery swapping policy in India.,Sputnik: According to government data, India ranks first in the number of road accident deaths in the world. As you lead the World Economic Forum’s initiative Road Safety 2.0 in India, what measures are required to reduce such fatalities?,Akhilesh Srivastava: With 11 percent of global road fatalities, India ranks worst in terms of the sheer number of road accident deaths in the world. The impact of road accidents on Indian GDP is nearly INR 2.5 trillion ($31.7 billion) i.e., over 1.85 percent of the GDP.,It is clear that old or conventional methods of road safety are not working and there is an urgent need for a new solution. The WEF-led Road Safety 2.0 is one such next-gen solution, where the power of technology is leveraged to save lives on roads.,A few of the measures have been enumerated in it are: the use of technology is the best way to quickly and effectively reduce accidents; сontinuous tracking driving behavior using IoT to generate Safe Driving Scores. The SDS can be used as a monitoring mechanism for incentivizing good driving behavior and reskilling the bad drivers; use of Safety measures like seat belt and helmet with sensors attached; use of AI with the integration of Traffic Lights; implementation of ITS-based penalty set up to penalize people; scaling awareness about the regulations among the people;,Sputnik: WEF’s Road Safety 2.0 talks about an approach to create a human-centric road ecosystem. Could you elaborate what sort of road ecosystem it aims to create?,Akhilesh Srivastava: Human-centric design is a method of product creation that places the requirements, desires, and abilities of users at the forefront of the process. Rather than expecting users to change and conform their behaviors to the product, it involves making design decisions based on how people can, need, and want to do tasks.,Moving on from existing to a human-centric road ecosystem will help the highway builders, manufacturing industry and the enforcement agencies tackle the needs of the people and then accordingly devise the road safety setup and create a human-centric road ecosystem.,For Example, the presence of air bags in the car is for the drivers and passengers' safety. Why only the front seat should have air bags, people in the back seats are equally vulnerable. As per the human-centric approach, the seat belt should be for all humans in the vehicle. All seats in private vehicles like cars and for all passengers in long-distance public transport buses.,Pedestrians, cyclists and other vulnerable road users should be given due space and weightage while framing the policies. In India, pedestrians, cyclists and two-wheelers constitute the majority but the roads and road rules, are made keeping in mind the bigger vehicles.,Sputnik: FASTags in India were adopted to make travel seamless on National Highways and Expressways. However, despite the complete roll-out we see long queues of vehicles at toll plazas and technical glitches being reported. How can an effective and glitch-free usage of FASTags be adopted?,Akhilesh Srivastava: FASTag has made travel hassle-free on highways and expressways in India. There are no queues. FASTag has made tolling very efficient and transparent. Last year’s toll collection was the highest ever at nearly INR 400 billion (Over $5 million),Apart from this, the FASTag has saved fuel wastage of worth over INR 200 billion ($2.5 million) which happened due to idling of vehicles at toll plazas. It also resulted in saving at least 50 million MT of carbon emission.,Sputnik: Regarding the electric vehicle segment, it is a well-known fact that in India it is at a very nascent stage. What are the major challenges that stakeholders are facing and how can they be tackled?,Akhilesh Srivastava: With 100 percent FDI available, new production centres, and a greater push to improve charging infrastructure, India's electric vehicle industry is gaining traction.,Other growth factors for the Indian EV industry include federal subsidies and policies supporting deeper discounts for Indian-made electric two-wheelers, as well as a boost for localized ACC battery storage manufacture.,Furthermore, in September 2021, the federal government authorized a production-linked incentive program for the automotive sector to stimulate the manufacture of electric and hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. In 2021, India sold over 300,000 electric vehicles.,Some of the challenges that exist but are being tackled by the stakeholders are: inadequate charging infrastructure; reliance on battery imports; reliance on imported components and parts, range anxiety among consumers; current high price of EVs; lack of options for high-performance EVs; inadequate electricity supply in parts of India; lack of quality maintenance and repair options.,Sputnik: You have links with the NHEV (National Highway for Electric Vehicle) programme. What initiatives are being taken under the programme to expand EV infrastructure?,Akhilesh Srivastava: Yes, I appreciate this question which talks about Electric Vehicles and being a member of the Knowledge group of NHEV, I wish similar kind of road safety in India, however, some additional concerns are to be kept in mind are:,• The EV is directly connected to a regular household power outlet. This mode is the simplest possible charging mode and does not support any communication between the EV and the charge point, hence it is prohibited in many countries due to safety concerns.,• The onboard charger converts AC to DC. It uses a special type of charging cable equipped with an in-cable control and protection device. This can be used for private charging, but its public use is subject to restrictions in many countries.,• Batteries are the key element. And we noticed a few cases of fire recently. There should be a proper set of technical and regulatory guidelines for the batteries, about its specifications, unique Id number of batteries, uniformity in the charging system, and even uniformity in batteries so that battery swapping can be done easily.,Tracking of batteries can give alerts about the health of batteries so that unsafe batteries can be removed timely.,Sputnik: Ever since the Finance Minister announced the battery swapping policy, it has been a much talked about topic across the segment. Do you think it can be realized?,Akhilesh Srivastava: I appreciate the announcement by Finance Minister about the battery swapping policy. A detailed policy for battery standardization, specifications, and safety protocols is being prepared.,We should think of the battery as a service for battery swapping. This will allow the setting up of battery stations on a mass level; a battery swapping policy will be brought in and interoperability standards will be formulated.,The private players should be encouraged to develop sustainable and innovative models for the battery as a service which will increase efficiency in the electric vehicle ecosystem. This will reduce the cost of Electric Vehicles and give impetus for electric vehicle growth in the coming years.,Sputnik: Electric vehicles are an alternative to petrol and diesel vehicles, and commonly seen as a way to reduce carbon emissions. However, the source of electricity remains non-renewable, so what roadmap has the NHEV adopted to generate electricity for the electric vehicles through renewable sources?,Akhilesh Srivastava: The transport sector accounts for 18 percent of total energy consumption in India. This translates to an estimated 94 million tons of oil equivalent (MTOE) energy.,If India were to follow the current trends of energy consumption, it would require an estimated 200 MTOE of energy supply annually, by the year 2030 to meet the demand of this sector. As of now, this demand is being met mostly through imported crude oil, which therefore makes this sector vulnerable to volatile international crude oil prices. Moreover, the sector also contributes an estimated 142 million tons of CO2 emissions annually.,Electric mobility presents a viable alternative in addressing these challenges, when packaged with innovative pricing solutions, appropriate technology and support infrastructure and thus, has been on the radar of the Government of India.,The point of renewability of electricity is being addressed too with renewable energies like solar energy, wind energy and other forms other renewable sources of energy. The growth of India in this has been spectacular and the country is ahead of many developed countries in this regard.,Want to know more? Check out our Koo & Telegram accounts!,Koo: https://www.kooapp.com/profile/sputniknews,Sputnik India: https://t.me/sputniknewsindia。8月22日，北京，第二届世界人形机器人运动会在国家速滑馆“冰丝带”开幕。图为开幕式前进行100米预赛。 中新社记者 韩海丹 摄 其中，北京人形机器人创新中心旗下的机器人堪称“纪录粉碎机”，屡次创造历史性突破。截至8月23日的奖牌榜，该中心参赛机器人已斩获5金2银6铜，成为本届赛事焦点。 从去年首届赛事的“蹒跚学步”，到如今“比肩人类”甚至实现超越，短短一年间，人形机器人再次完成对自身极限的突破。 “今年全行业运动速度整体提升，本质是各厂商机器人本体能力的持续进阶。”天工Ultra机器人研发负责人、北京人形机器人创新中心人形部负责人郭宜劼表示，今年关节性能迎来关键升级，转矩和转速均实现大幅提升，这离不开机器人算法学习强化和训练方式迭代。
二 | 同时，机器人电器件的可靠性也得到了系统性增强。 北京人形机器人创新中心运动控制算法专家韩刚表示，天工Ultra的关节力矩上限非常高，已足够用在一辆小型新能源车上。其电容量也非常大，足够支撑奔跑中的高功耗。 在23日进行的400米小型组决赛中，天工Omni机器人以45.66秒的成绩夺冠。因其奔跑时躯干前倾、双手收于身前的姿态酷似“害羞捂脸”，被网友戏称为“害羞式跑姿”，迅速在社交平台破圈传播。 “这个跑姿并非趣味性设计，而是性能平衡的结果。”北京人形机器人创新中心运动控制算法专家孟祥向中新社记者表示，团队最初采集了人类跑步数据，但机器人峰值速度接近每秒10米，人类的运动数据已无法覆盖其需求。 为此，技术团队利用机器人腰部关节性能优势，通过大幅扭腰来平衡腿部高速摆动产生的竖直方向重心偏移，确保机器人在高速行进中精准跟踪跑道；而双手置于身前的姿态，则让重心投影更加靠前，形成一种“自己拉着自己跑”的动态平衡，进一步释放冲刺速度上限。8月23日晚，北京，第二届世界人形机器人运动会跳远决赛在国家速滑馆举行。图为机器人选手在比赛中。 中新社记者 贾天勇 摄 随着运动速度和强度不断攀升，高负荷下的关节散热是各赛队重点攻坚的方向之一。孟祥说，人形机器人高速奔跑时，髋、踝两大核心关节持续处于峰值输出状态，尤其是高频往复运动的髋关节热量累积最快，是制约长距离竞速成绩的核心因素。 孟祥称，团队针对不同赛距定制差异化的热管理策略。
三 | 400米短距离竞速主打高速进风被动散热；1500米长距离赛事则搭载专用液冷散热系统，保障关节长时间满负荷输出的稳定性。 针对近期外界热议的“终点撞停”现象，孟祥作出回应：这是竞技场景下的策略性取舍。当前各赛队均以冲线成绩为核心目标，因此普遍选择速度优先的策略，一定程度上牺牲了终点段的刹停距离。 “事实上，高动态制动技术的研发一直在同步推进。”他表示，极限加速过程中积累的动力学数据，正是优化制动控制算法的核心素材。
四 | 制动能力对机械设计和控制算法都是极大考验，后续产品迭代中会逐步补齐这一能力短板，实现速度与可控性的平衡。
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